How does 3D printing utilize computer-controlled machines? How are different materials (liquid, slurry, or powder) selectively solidified and layered according to the object’s shape to form a solid piece? After printing, what post-processing steps can be done to make the product more refined and achieve the ideal appearance?
This article explains the complete steps of 3D printing and related precautions, helping everyone understand 3D printing.
1. Drawing and Modeling
Use common 3D drawing software available today, such as SketchUp, Blender, SolidWorks, etc.
Design the desired product’s shape, dimensions, details, etc. Then, save the file in STL format, a file format capable of representing the geometry of a three-dimensional object’s surface, facilitating subsequent slicing and printing.
[Notes]
Before exporting the file, ensure that the dimensions of the object to be printed are within the printable range of the 3D printer.
2. Slicing
The process of breaking down a 3D model into successive two-dimensional layers.
You will need to use slicing software, such as Cura, Slic3r, Simplify3D, etc., to analyze and set up the 3D model.
During this process, you can adjust various printing execution parameters in the slicing software, such as printing speed, temperature, layer height, infill density, support structures, etc. The slicing software will slice the 3D model into successive images based on the settings and simultaneously generate a G-Code file, which contains printing instructions for each layer, primarily used to control the 3D printer.
3. Printing
(1) 3D Printer Accuracy Calibration
Before starting the print, check if all parts of the 3D printer are functioning correctly and properly calibrate their positions and angles.
Calibrate the movement of the X, Y, and Z axes, ensuring that the rails are smooth and precise to avoid deviations or deformations in the printed object.
(2) Selection of Printing Materials
Different materials have different characteristics, such as strength, toughness, elasticity, temperature resistance, biocompatibility, etc.
You need to choose the appropriate material based on the intended use and function of the printed product. Refer to: Ultimate Guide to Heat Resistant 3D Printing Materials: Top 10 Picks
(3) Whether Support is Needed
Some 3D models have more complex shapes, with certain parts that may be overhanging or tilted. These parts may deform or break during printing due to gravity or the fluidity of the raw material.
4. Official Printing
Next is the printing phase. It is necessary to regularly check the printing progress and results to avoid issues such as insufficient material or breakages that could affect the final outcome.
5. Post-Processing and Finishing After 3D Printing
The 3D printing process involves more than just printing with the printer; different product types have various post-processing requirements.
(1) Removing Supports
If support structures were used during printing, remove them directly using tweezers, scissors, or other tools.
(2) Sanding and Polishing
The surface of 3D printed objects usually has layer lines, burrs, bumps, and other imperfections.
You can use sandpaper, diamond knives, electric grinding wheels, and other tools to sand the object’s surface in order from coarse to fine.
(3) Coloring and Coating
Not necessary, but can be added as an additional service based on the product’s special requirements.
(4) Assembly
If the product is not printed as a single piece, you will need to assemble all the printed parts in the final stage, completing the process!
